Trajetória das políticas de educação alimentar e nutricional no Brasil / Trajectory of food and nutritional education policies in Brazil / Trayectoria de las políticas de educación alimentaria y nutricional en Brasil

Resumo A Educação Alimentar e Nutricional é o campo de conhecimento que leva em conta as representações sobre o comer e a comida, os conhecimentos e os valores da alimentação, com vistas à autonomia de escolha dos sujeitos em questões relacionadas à alimentação e à nutrição. Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica com o objetivo de identificar a trajetória da Educação Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil, que a delineou como campo de conhecimento. As políticas atuais desse campo de conhecimento são fruto da superação de um passado em que predominavam abordagens educativas voltadas para a alimentação que ocorriam de forma descontextualizada, normativa e estritamente biológica. Essa trajetória envolve disputas em sua teoria e prática que evidenciam que a resolução do problema da alimentação no Brasil é perpassada por uma profunda reestruturação econômica e social. Destacamos a necessidade de que as práticas de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional sejam pautadas pela perspectiva crítica e emancipatória de educação.

Abstract Food and Nutrition Education is the field of knowledge that takes into account the representations about eating and food, knowledge and values of food, with a view to the autonomy of choice of subjects in matters related to food and nutrition. This text is the result of a theoretical research aimed at identifying the trajectory of Food and Nutritional Education in Brazil, which outlined it as a field of knowledge. The current policies of this field of knowledge are the result of overcoming a past where educational approaches focused on food predominated that took place in a decontextualized, normative and strictly biological way. This trajectory involves disputes in its theory and practice that show that the resolution of the food problem in Brazil is permeated by a profound economic and social restructuring. We highlight the need for the practices of Food and Nutrition Education to be guided by the critical and emancipatory perspective of education.

Resumen La Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional es el campo del conocimiento que tiene en cuenta las representaciones sobre alimentación y comida, conocimientos y valores de la alimentación, con miras a la autonomía de elección de los temas en materias relacionadas con la alimentación y la nutrición. Este texto es el resultado de una investigación teórica dirigida a identificar la trayectoria de la Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional en Brasil, la cual la delineó como un campo de conocimiento. Las políticas actuales de este campo del conocimiento son el resultado de superar un pasado donde predominaron los enfoques educativos centrados en la alimentación que se desarrollaron de manera descontextualizada, normativa y estrictamente biológica. Esta trayectoria implica disputas en su teoría y práctica que muestran que la resolución del problema alimentario en Brasil está impregnada por una profunda reestructuración económica y social. Destacamos la necesidad de que las prácticas de Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional se guíen por la perspectiva crítica y emancipadora de la educación.

Conhecimento e percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva de professores sobre o Guia Alimentar / Knowledge and perception of self-efficacy and collective efficacy of teachers about the Food Guide

Introdução: No processo de educação em saúde para que o indivíduo mude seus hábitos de saúde, é necessário que tenha conhecimentos, apresente crenças de autoeficácia positivas e compartilhe a eficácia coletiva. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva de professores sobre o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal no período de dezembro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. A população do estudo foi composta por 1.491 professores da Educação Básica da rede pública municipal de ensino de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para a amostra, estimou-se o tamanho mínimo de 511 professores e foi utilizado um questionário on-line para coleta de dados. Quanto a avaliação do conhecimento, percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletivados professores sobre o Guia Alimentar, utilizaram-se escalas autoadministradas e previamente validadas. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e processados eletronicamente através do software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: Na análise do desempenho dos professores quanto ao Guia Alimentar, observou-se que 79,7% (474) dos profissionais apresentaram baixo conhecimento; 70,4% (419), baixa autoeficácia; e 69,1% (411), baixa eficácia coletiva. O alto conhecimento entre os docentes foi associado à maior renda percapita (p= 0,004). A alta autoeficácia foi associada ao maior grau de escolaridade (p= 0,031). A alta autoeficácia coletiva foi associada às variáveis renda (p=0,035) e escolaridade (p=0,004). Conclusão: Os professores do presente estudo demonstraram baixo conhecimento e baixa percepção de autoeficácia e eficácia coletiva sobre o Guia Alimentar.

Introduction: In the process of health education to change the individual's health habits, they need to have knowledge, present positive self-efficacy beliefs and share collective efficacy. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of self-efficacy and collective efficacy of teachers about the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to December 2020. The study population consisted of 1,491 Basic Education teachers from the municipal public school system of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. For the sample, the minimum size of 511 teachers was estimated and an online questionnaire was used to collect data. As for the evaluation of knowledge, perception of self-efficacy and collective efficacy of teachers about the Food Guide, self-administered and previously validated scales were used. The data collected were categorized and processed electronically through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22.0. Results: In the analysis of teachers' performance regarding the Food Guide, 79.7% (474) of the professionals had low knowledge; 70.4% (419), low self-efficacy; and 69.1% (411), low collective efficacy. High knowledge among teachers was associated with higher per capita income (p = 0.004). High self-efficacy was associated with higher educational level (p = 0.031). High collective self-efficacy was associated with the variables income (p=0.035) and schooling (p=0.004). Conclusion: The teachers of this study showed low knowledge and low perception of self-efficacy and collective efficacy about the Food Guide.

Revisión sistemática de programas de intervención para promover hábitos saludables de actividad física y nutrición en escolares españoles / Systematic review of intervention programmes to promote healthy physical activity and nutrition habits in Spanish school children

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, originado porque los niños crecen en un entorno en el que no se fomenta la práctica deportiva. Esto es debido al cambio en el tipo de alimentación y al aumento del sedentarismo. Objetivo. Describir y analizar los principales programas de intervención, basados en la promoción de hábitos saludables (Nutrición y Actividad Física) en la población infantil y las principales estrategias utilizadas para su implantación en los centros educativos españoles. Materiales y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el empleo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en el mes de octubre de 2022. La población de estudio fue el alumnado de entre 6 y 12 años escolarizados en centros de Educación Primaria de España. Resultados. Se ha identificado que las intervenciones educativas sobre nutrición y/o actividad física realizadas en los centros educativos, resultan positivas en la mejora de los hábitos de alimentación y la práctica físico-deportiva entre los escolares. Discusión. Además, combinando las temáticas de nutrición y actividad física, se fomenta la consecución de hábitos saludables, con el objetivo de prevenir la obesidad y el sedentarismo. A su vez, fomentando la participación de las familias en los programas de intervención se obtiene un resultado positivo en la efectividad de las intervenciones. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de los programas de intervención analizados demuestran su eficacia a la hora de modificar los hábitos alimentarios, además, se produce un aumento del nivel de actividad física, evitando el sedentarismo entre los escolares, y, por ende, disminuir el riesgo de obesidad(AU)

Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century, because children are growing up in an environment where sport is not encouraged. This is due to changes in dietary patterns and an increase in sedentary lifestyles. Objective. Describe and analyze the main intervention programs, based on the promotion of healthy habits (Nutrition and Physical Activity) in the child population and the main strategies used for their implementation in Spanish schools. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study based on a systematic review of the literature carried out in October 2022. The study population was pupils aged between 6 and 12 years old attending primary schools in Spain. Results. It has been identified that educational interventions on nutrition and/or physical activity carried out in schools are positive in improving eating habits and physical activity among schoolchildren. Discussion. In addition, by combining the topics of nutrition and physical activity, healthy habits are encouraged, with the aim of preventing obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In turn, by encouraging the participation of families in the intervention programmes, a positive result is obtained in the effectiveness of the interventions. Conclusions. Most of the intervention programmes analysed demonstrate their effectiveness in modifying eating habits, as well as increasing the level of physical activity, avoiding sedentary lifestyles among schoolchildren and, therefore, reducing the risk of obesity(AU)

Educational instrument for intervention in the lifestyle of overweight pregnant women / Instrumento educativo de intervenção no estilo de vida para gestantes com sobrepeso

Abstract Objectives: to conduct the semantic validation of the images and text in educational material about eating and lifestyle for overweight women in different stages of pregnancy. Methods: qualitative, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with focus groups for adapting and semantically validating the messages and images of educational material for women in three moments of the pre-natal period, as well as the support scripts for healthcare providers. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ - Portuguese acronym) were considered. Results: participants of this study were seven pregnant women aged 21 to 40 who were in pre-natal care and 17 nutritionists aged 25 to 51. The folder was validated over seven meetings with the focus group, with one-week intervals between the groups. For each folder there were at least two meetings with focus groups, and one meeting for each script. The language was adjusted for the messages, and two images were changed to improve the self-identification of pregnant women. Technical and didactic adaptations were suggested for the scripts. Conclusion: images and text were semantically adapted; the instrument is easy to use in primary and secondary healthcare, providing support for pregnant women and healthcare providers on the subject of eating habits and lifestyle for overweight women in different stages of pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivos: realizar validação semântica de imagem e texto de material educativo sobre alimentação e estilo de vida para diferentes etapas da gestação de mulheres com sobrepeso. Métodos:. estudo qualitativo, descritivo e analítico, transversal, para adaptação e validação semântica de mensagens e imagens, com grupos focais, de material educativo para gestantes em três períodos do pré-natal e de roteiros de apoio direcionados aos profissionais de saúde. Foram observados os Critérios Consolidados para Relatos de Pesquisa Qualitativa (COREQ) Resultados: participaram do estudo sete gestantes adultas entre 21 e 40 anos em atendimento de pré-natal e 17 nutricionistas entre 25 e 51 anos. A validação dos folders constituiu-se em sete sessões de grupo focal com intervalo de uma semana entre os grupos. Para cada folder, aconteceram pelo menos dois encontros com grupos focais e para a construção de cada roteiro foi realizado um encontro. Foram realizados ajustes da linguagem paras as mensagens e mudança de duas imagens para melhorar a autoidentificação das gestantes. Foram propostas adaptações textuais nos roteiros de conteúdo técnico e didático. Conclusão: o material educativo foi adaptado semântica e imageticamente, sendo um instrumento didático de fácil acesso para ser empregado na atenção primária e secundária à saúde, apoiando gestantes e profissionais da saúde sobre alimentação e estilo de vida.

Impact of nutritional and physical activity interventions on the cognitive and academic achievement of schoolchildren

The objective of this review is to present the impact of nutritional education, physical activity and support network interventions on the nutritional status, cognitive and academic achievement of students under 18 years of age. According to the literature, multicomponent interventions that address diet, physical activity, and involve parents concluded to be more effective in combating obesity and enhancing academic achievement in young people. Therefore, the implementation of public policies that commit to intervene in a timely manner in the first stages of the life cycle, would have a considerably beneficial impact on health(AU)

El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer el impacto de las intervenciones de educación nutricional, actividad física y redes de apoyo en el estado nutricional, rendimiento cognitivo y académico de estudiantes menores de 18 años. De acuerdo con la literatura, las intervenciones de carácter multicomponente que abordan alimentación, actividad física, e involucran a los padres concluyeron ser más efectivas para combatir la obesidad y potenciar el rendimiento académico en jóvenes. Por lo tanto, la implementación de políticas públicas que permitan intervenir de forma oportuna las primeras etapas del ciclo vital, tendrían un impacto considerablemente beneficioso para la salud(AU)

Efecto de un programa de educación nutricional y actividad física en profesores del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Estudio piloto

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en evaluar el efecto de un programa de educación nutricional y actividad física, en los conocimientos de alimentación y nutrición, en la realización de actividad física moderada-vigorosa(AFMV), la frecuencia de consumo de frutas y verduras, así como en indicadores antropométricos en profesores mexicanos universitarios de un Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Para ello, se diseñó un estudio de campo cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas (pre-test, post-test y seguimiento a 3 meses) en 48 adultos, divididos en grupo control (GC) y grupo intervenido (GI). Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos básicos de alimentación y nutrición (CBAN-Conocimientos), junto con el cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ, por sus siglas en inglés), y un cuestionario semi-cuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. A partir del peso y la talla, se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), y se midió el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) mediante bioimpedanciometría. Los hallazgos mostraron, en el GI, un incremento significativo de los CBAN-Conocimientos (p<0,001), la AFMV (p<0,001), de la frecuencia de consumo de frutas (p= 0,049) y verduras (p= 0,020) a lo largo del tiempo. El efecto del programa fue parcialmente alcanzado, debido a que los CBCAN-Conocimientos fue la única variable dependiente que alcanzó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre grupos. Para lograr un mayor efecto del programa se propone extender el tiempo de implementación. Urgen este tipo de programas para mejorar y mantener una buena salud en docentes durante todo el ciclo escolar.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to assess the effect of a nutritional education and physical activity pilot program, on food and nutrition knowledge, moderate vigorous physical activity (MVFA) performance, fruits and vegetables intake, as well as on anthropometric indicators among Mexican university professors of a Health Sciences Institute. A quasi-experimental study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up) was carried out in 48 adults, divided in control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). A food and nutrition basic knowledge (FNB-Knowledge) questionnaire was applied, together with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI); body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated through bioimpedanciometry. A significant increased in FNB-Knowledge (p<0.001), MVFA (p<0.001), as well as frequency of fruits (p= 0.049) and vegetables p= 0.020) intake was observed in the IG over time. The program effect was partially achieved, as FNB-Knowledge was the only dependent variable that showed a statistically significant difference between groups. To acheive a higher program effect it is proposed to extend the implementation time. Such programs are urgently needed to improve and maintain good health among professors throughout scholar cycle.

La educación alimentaria y nutricional como parte de la atención de jóvenes con síndrome de Down en una fundación especializada de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia / Diet and nutrition education as part of programs for young people with Down's syndrome living in a specialized foundation in the city of Medellin, Colombia

Resumen Antecedentes: la población con síndrome de Down presenta alta prevalencia de sobrepeso por factores genéticos y ambientales, por lo que requiere educación alimentaria y nutricional para promover su salud. Objetivo: diseñar y evaluar estrategias educativas pertinentes para promover el adecuado estado nutricional en población escolar con síndrome de Down. Materiales y métodos: investigación-acción con una muestra de 13 niños y sus cuidadores. Se realizó observación, tamizaje nutricional, grupo focal, entrevistas en profundidad y actividades lúdicas para el diagnóstico educativo; además, se priorizaron problemas y se diseñaron, implementaron y evaluaron estrategias educativas con los cuidadores. Resultados: se encontraron aspectos favorecedores y dificultades en la alimentación, como rechazo por "alimentos saludables", gusto por los denominados "alimentos malos", ansiedad alimentaria y poco conocimiento sobre alimentación. Se realizaron actividades con los cuidadores, centradas en las dificultades; las más aceptadas y efectivas fueron las experienciales y dialógicas; al finalizar, los participantes expresaron aprendizajes significativos que llevaron a cabo en su vida diaria y la de sus familias. Se evidenciaron modificaciones en cuanto a preparaciones más saludables, variedad en la alimentación y cambios hacia hábitos más saludables. Conclusión: los participantes obtuvieron aprendizajes para mejorar la alimentación de los niños y familiares, a partir de sus necesidades y condiciones, con estrategias basadas en metodologías dialogantes.

Abstract Background: Those living with Down's syndrome present high prevalence of overweight due to genetic and environmental factors, which requires nutrition and dietary education to promote adequate health in this population. Objective: Design and evaluate education strategies pertinent to the promotion of an adequate nutritional status in school-aged children with Down's syndrome. Materials and Methods: Action research with a sample of 13 children and their caregivers. Observations, nutritional screening, focus groups, in-depth interviews, and recreational activities were carried out for educational diagnosis. Furthermore, problems were prioritized, and educational strategies were designed, implemented, and evaluated with the caregivers. Results: Favorable and difficult aspects to eating were found, such as rejection of "healthy foods", taste for "bad foods", food anxiety, and little food knowledge. Activities were carried out with caregivers focused on difficulties, of which the most accepted and effective were the experiential and talk based. At the end, the participants expressed significant learning that they implemented in their daily lives and with their families. Modifications such as healthier food preparations, variety in diet, and changes towards healthier habits were evidenced. Conclusions: Participants gained knowledge on improving the diets of their children and families based on their needs and conditions, with strategies based on dialogue, practical and contextualized methodologies, and taking into consideration their viewpoints and concerns.

La educación alimentaria y nutricional: un estudio descriptivo en la formación del docente de Biología / Food and nutritional education: descriptive study in the training of Biology teachers

RESUMEN Introducción: el docente de Biología debe contribuir a la educación para la salud, y dentro de ella a la educación alimentaria y nutricional de los estudiantes, mediante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la Biología. Objetivo: describir los conocimientos y comportamientos sobre educación alimentaria y nutricional que poseen los estudiantes de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Biología, en la Universidad de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los conocimientos y comportamientos sobre educación alimentaria y nutricional en 21 estudiantes de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Biología, de la Universidad de Matanzas, en enero de 2020. Los métodos teóricos empleados fueron el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo. Como método empírico se utilizó la encuesta. Resultados: los estudiantes presentan insuficientes conocimientos sobre los nutrientes que aportan diversos alimentos, y desconocimiento sobre las biomoléculas y su importancia para el correcto funcionamiento del organismo. Muestran interés por el consumo de la comida denominada chatarra, y obvian la necesidad del consumo de vegetales, frutas y viandas hervidas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes encuestados presentaron limitados conocimientos sobre alimentación y nutrición como procesos inherentes a la vida humana, que determinan la educación alimentaria y nutricional como un factor básico para evitar enfermedades que repercuten en su salud, e impiden que puedan realizar su labor educativa como docentes de Biología, líderes de la promoción de salud en la escuela y la comunidad (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the teacher who teaches Biology must make good use of the different curricular contents to contribute to health education and within it to food and nutritional education of students. Objective: to describe the knowledge and behaviors on food and nutrition education that students of the degree course of Education in Biology of the University of Matanzas have. Materials and methods: a descriptive study of the knowledge and behavior on food and nutritional education in 21 students of the degree course of Education in Biology of the University of Matanzas, in January 2020. The theoretical methods used were the historic-logical, the analytical-synthetic, and the inductive-deductive one. The survey was used as empiric method. Results: the students showed not enough knowledge on the nutrients provided by different foods, not knowing about biomolecules and their importance for the proper functioning of the body. They evidenced their preference for the consumption of the so called junk food, obviating the need of green vegetables, fruits and boiled vegetables. Conclusions: the surveyed students presented limited knowledge on food and nutrition as processes inherent to human life, which determine food and nutritional education as a basic factor to avoid diseases that affect their health. It is a constraint for carrying out an adequate educative work as Biology teachers and future leaders of health promotion at school and in the community (AU).

Efeito de um programa multicomponente sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares / Effect of a multicomponent program on health-related physical fitness in schoolchildren

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um programa multicomponente sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde em escolares. A amostra foi composta por 120 alunos do ensino infantil e fundamental divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo intervenção que realizou um programa multicomponente de atividades físico-desportivas e educação nutricional (GI; n=60) e grupo controle que não participou do programa (GC; n=60). Foram avaliados o estado nutricional, VO2máx., força/resistência muscular e flexibilidade no início e no final de 12 semanas. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo GI modificou o estado nutricional e aumentou o VO2máx., a força/resistência muscular e a flexibilidade (p<0,0001). No GC o VO2máx., não se alterou, a força/resistência muscular diminuiu (p<0,0001). A flexibilidade no GC foi menor, quando comparada ao GI (p<0,0001). Em conclusão, o programa multicomponente melhorou a aptidão física relacionada à saúde dos escolares da educação básica.

This study evaluated the effect of a multicomponent program on health-related physical fitness in schoolchildren. The sample composed of 120 students of early childhood and elementary education randomized divided into two groups, intervention group that underwent a multicomponent program of physical and sports activities, along with nutritional education (IG; n = 60) and control group that did not participated in the program (CG; n = 60). Nutritional state, VO2max., muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were evaluated in the beginning and in the final of 12 weeks of intervention. The results showed that the IG group modified the nutritional state and increased the VO2max,, the muscular strength/endurance and the flexibility (p<0.0001). In the CG group, the VO2max did not modified and decreased the muscular strength/endurance (p<0.0001). Flexibility in the CG group was lower than IG group (p<0.0001). In conclusion, the multicomponent program improved the health-related physical fitness of basic education schoolchildren.

Telenovela como estratégia de educação nutricional no âmbito de uma política pública de acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável / Soap opera as a food and nutritional education strategy in the context of a public policy to promote access to adequate healthy food / Telenovela como estrategia de educación alimentaria y nutricional en el ámbito de una política pública de acceso a la alimentación adecuada y saludable

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a telenovela "O caminho do meio" como estratégia de educação alimentar nutricional e a sua relação com os processos de aprendizagem inventiva e com a produção de novos modos de subjetivação. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, com 15 frequentadores de um restaurante popular, por meio de: (1) visualização da telenovela "O caminho do meio", com duração de 46 minutos; e (2) entrevista individual realizada com um roteiro previamente estruturado. Após gravação, transcrição e análise de conteúdo dos discursos emergiram três categorias: (1) a telenovela e as experiências de vida dos frequentadores do restaurante popular; (2) a telenovela: cenas, personagens e mensagem; (3) novas percepções e tendências relacionadas à alimentação e ao estilo de vida. A experimentação com a telenovela forneceu uma aprendizagem inventiva e a produção de novos modos de subjetivação. (AU)

This study analyzed the soap opera "O caminho do meio" (The Middle Way) as a food and nutritional education strategy and its relation with inventive learning and the production of new modes of subjectivation. We conducted a qualitative study with 15 people who eat at a "popular restaurant" involving the following: (1) Watching the soap opera "O caminho do meio", which lasts 46 minutes; and (2) Individual interviews administered using a previously prepared guide. Three thematic categories emerged after recording, transcribing and analyzing the content of the interviews: (1) "The soap opera and the life experiences of the respondents"; (2) "The soap opera: scenes, characters and message"; and (3) "New perceptions and trends related to eating and lifestyle. The experimentation with the soap opera stimulated inventive learning and the production of new modes of subjectivation. (AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la telenovela "O caminho do meio" como estrategia de educación alimentaria y nutricional y su relación con los procesos de aprendizaje inventivo y con la producción de nuevos modos de subjetivación. Se trata de un estudio con abordaje cualitativo, con 15 frecuentadores de un restaurante popular, por medio de: (1) Visionado de la telenovela "O caminho do meio", con duración de 46 minutos; y (2) Entrevista individual realizada a partir de un guion previamente estructurado. Después de la grabación, de la transcripción y del análisis de contenido de los discursos surgieron 3 categorías: (1) "La telenovela y las experiencias de vida de los frecuentadores del restaurante popular"; (2) "La telenovela: escenas, personajes y mensaje" (3) "Nuevas percepciones y tendencias relacionadas a la alimentación y al estilo de vida". La experimentación con la telenovela proporcionó un aprendizaje inventivo y la producción de nuevos modos de subjetivación. (AU)

Caracterización de la intervención educativa realizada por estudiantes de nutrición en escuelas públicas del cantón de La Unión para la prevención de la obesidad y la promoción de la salud / Characterization of the educational intervention carried out by nutrition students in public schools in the canton of La Unión for obesity prevention and health promotion

Resumen: Introducción: Frente al contexto de un 34 % de exceso de peso en la población escolarizada de Costa Rica, dentro del marco de trabajo del curso de la Escuela de Nutrición (ENu) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, llamado NU-2030 Módulo IV: Situación Alimentaria y Nutricional en el Ámbito Institucional II, los estudiantes de la ENu realizaron una intervención educativa para la prevención de la obesidad y la promoción de la salud, en nueve escuelas públicas del Circuito 06 del cantón La Unión. Metodología: Se analizaron los datos correspondientes a 12 proyectos de intervención, recolectados de agosto a noviembre del 2016 y documentados en 9 informes finales de curso. Los proyectos se dividieron en tres etapas. Fase diagnóstica: Se analizaron datos antropométricos y hábitos de estilo de vida en muestra de 1382 niños y niñas (N= 3802 preescolares y escolares inscritos), así como valoración de comidas ofrecidas en el entorno escolar. Fase de intervención: se trabajó con datos de 35 sesiones educativas efectuadas por estudiantes de la ENu para 1004 niñas y niños, 70 docentes, 12 colaboradoras del SAI, 4 personas de la administración y 7 padres y madres de familia. Los datos fueron recopilados en instrumentos diseñados en el curso para tal fin. Fase de evaluación: Se analizó la información de la evaluación formativa y sumativa. Resultados: Solo dos escuelas con prevalencia de exceso de peso inferior al promedio nacional y se reportaron para todas factores ampliamente mencionados por la literatura como favorecedores de un ambiente obesogénico (relacionados tanto con alimentación como con actividad física). El uso del juego con niños y niñas y sesiones constructivistas (aprender haciendo) con adultos fueron bien aceptadas en la implementación. No existen contrapartes profesionales nutricionistas en las instituciones. No fue posible observar cambios en hábitos alimentarios en ocho semanas de intervención. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones con apoyo docente y de la Dirección fueron más exitosas. El uso del juego para la educación nutricional de niños y niñas se considera una oportunidad. Ocho semanas de intervención permitieron cambios de conocimiento, no así de las prácticas. Preocupa el nulo involucramiento de los padres de familia.

Summary: Introduction: Against the context of 34% overweight in the school population of Costa Rica and within the framework of the course of the School of Nutrition (SNu) of the University of Costa Rica, called UN-2030 Module IV: Food and Nutritional Situation in the Institutional Environment II, SNu students carried out an educational intervention for the prevention of obesity and the promotion of health, in nine public schools in Circuit 06 of La Union Canton. Methodology: The data corresponding to 12 intervention projects, collected from August to November 2016 and documented in 9 final course reports, were analyzed. The projects were divided into three stages. Diagnostic phase: Anthropometric data and lifestyle habits were analyzed in a sample of 1382 children (N= 3802 preschoolers and school children enrolled), as well as assessment of meals offered in the school environment. Intervention phase: work was done with data from 35 educational sessions conducted by SNu students for 1004 children, 70 teachers, 12 SAI collaborators, four clerks and seven parents, collected in instruments designed in the course for that purpose. Evaluation phase: Formative and summative evaluation information was analyzed. Results: Only two schools with an overweight prevalence below the national average and were reported for all, factors widely mentioned in the literature as favoring an obesogenic environment (related to both food and physical activity). The use of play with children and constructivist sessions (learning by doing) with adults, were well accepted in the implementation. There are no professional nutritionist counterparts in the institutions. No change in eating habits could be observed in eight weeks of intervention. Conclusions: Interventions with teacher and management support were more successful. The use of play for the nutritional education of children is considered an opportunity. Eight weeks of intervention allowed changes in knowledge, but not in practices. The lack of parental involvement is a concern.

Programa cognitivo-comportamental de educação nutricional para mulheres com excesso de peso / Cognitive-behavioral nutrition education program for overweight women / Programa cognitivo-conductual de educación nutricional para mujeres con sobrepeso

Introdução: A pesquisa teve como objetivo propor e avaliar um programa cognitivo-comportamental de educação nutricional para mulheres com excesso de peso e identificar fatores que interferem na adesão. Métodos: estudo qualiquantitativo, quase experimental, com mulheres com excesso de peso, alocadas em dois grupos: um que participou de um programa em grupo baseado no modelo cognitivo-comportamental e outro que recebeu acompanhamento individual. Foram comparados dados antropométricos e bioquímicos, além de fatores relacionados à adesão. Resultados: Os dados antropométricos e bioquímicos não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A análise qualitativa evidenciou mudanças relevantes em relação à qualidade e quantidade da alimentação ingerida. Discussão: As estratégias utilizadas permitiram a elaboração de recursos cognitivos relevantes para perda de peso. Conclusões: O programa auxiliou em mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, o que pode repercutir em alterações antropométricas e bioquímicas relevantes no médio prazo.

Introduction: The objective of this research was to propose and evaluate a cognitive behavioral nutrition education program for overweight women and to identify factors that interfere with adherence. Methods: A quasi-experimental, qualitative and quantitative study, were performed. Overweight women were separated in two groups: one who participated in a group program based on the cognitive behavioral model and the other who received individual follow-up. Anthropometric and biochemical data were compared, as well as factors related to adherence. Results: Anthropometric and biochemical data did not differ significantly between groups. The qualitative analysis showed important changes in relation to the quality and quantity of the food ingested. Discussion: The strategies used allowed the elaboration of relevant cognitive resources for weight loss. Conclusions: The program assisted in changes in eating habits, which may impact on relevant anthropometric and biochemical changes in the medium term.

Introducción: La investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer y evaluar un programa educativo de nutrición cognitiva conductual para mujeres con sobrepeso e identificar factores que interfieren con la adherencia. Métodos: Un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo, cuasi-experimental, de mujeres con sobrepeso que fueron asignadas en dos grupos: uno que participó en un programa grupal basado en el modelo cognitivo conductual y el otro que recibió un seguimiento individual. Se compararon datos antropométricos y bioquímicos, así como factores relacionados con la adherencia. Resultados: Los datos antropométricos y bioquímicos no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos. El análisis cualitativo mostró cambios en relación con la calidad y cantidad de los alimentos ingeridos. Discusión: Las estrategias utilizadas permitieron la elaboración de recursos cognitivos relevantes para la pérdida de peso. Conclusiones: El programa ayudó a los cambios en los hábitos alimenticios, lo que puede afectar los cambios antropométricos y bioquímicos relevantes en el mediano plazo.

Intervención nutricional participativa en adolescentes de enseñanza media del municipio Habana Vieja / Participative nutritional intervention in middle school adolescents from Habana Vieja municipality

Introducción: Los hábitos alimentarios no saludables potencian las enfermedades crónicas que constituyen las primeras causas de muerte en Cuba. Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de una intervención nutricional sobre los cambios en los conocimientos de alimentación-nutrición y hábitos alimentarios en adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención nutricional participativa con adolescentes de 12-15 años del municipio Habana Vieja, durante sus tres años curriculares. De los 604 adolescentes que comenzaron el estudio 155 formaron los grupos promotores que lideraron las actividades realizadas. Se aplicaron encuestas de conocimientos, consumo y hábitos alimentarios antes y después de la intervención. Para comparar la puntuación alcanzada se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas. Para la comparación entre escuelas se utilizó análisis de la varianza simple y para comparar los porcentajes de respuestas correctas de las preguntas de conocimientos, consumo de hortalizas y azúcar antes y después de la prueba de estimación de diferencias entre proporciones. Se definió como umbral de significación estadística p < 0,05. Resultados: Los grupos promotores mostraron aumentos significativos de los conocimientos (p < 0,001). Se encontraron diferencias entre escuelas para los grupos promotores (p < 0,001) y para el resto de los estudiantes (p = 0,024). Decreció el azúcar añadido a los refrescos para los grupos promotores (p < 0,001) y a la leche para todos los adolescentes (p = 0,002). No hubo cambios en el hábito de desayunar, en el gusto por alimentos fritos, ni en el consumo de refrescos, frituras, dulces y pizzas. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones de educación nutricional son necesarias para alcanzar patrones dietéticos más saludables y de esta manera contribuir a detener la epidemia de enfermedades no transmisibles, además permiten que los adolescentes tengan un acercamiento al tema alimentación-nutrición(AU)

Introduction: Non-healthy food habits boost chronic diseases that represent the main death causes in Cuba. Objectives: To assess the effects of a nutritional intervention on the changes in the knowledge of diet-nutrition and food habits of adolescents. Methods: It was carried out a participative nutritional intervention with adolescents from 12 to 15 years from Habana Vieja municipality during their 3 middle school years. From 604 adolescents that started the study, 155 formed the promoter groups which leadered the activities implemented. There were applied knowledge surveys on food consumption and habits before and after the intervention. For comparing the scores, it was used t-Student test for paired samples. It was used the analysis of simple variance for comparing among schools and the percentages of right answers in the knowledge questions, intake of vegetables and sugar before and after of the test for the estimation of differences among proportions. It was defined p<0,05 as the threshold of statistical signification. Results: The promoter groups showed significative increase of knowledge (p<0,001). There were found differences among schools for promoter groups (p<0,001) and for the rest of the students (p<0,024). In the promoter groups decreased the intake of sugar added to soft drinks (p<0,001) and to milk for all the adolescents studied (p<0,002). There were no changes in breakfast habits, liking fried food, or the consumption of soft drinks, fritters, sweets and pizzas. Conclusions: Nutritional education interventions are needed to reach healthier diet patterns and in this way contributing to stop the epidemic of non-communicable diseases; in addition, they allow adolescents to have an approach to food-nutrition topic(AU)

Four levels of evaluation nurse training program on regional food / Cuatro niveles de evaluación de un programa regional de capacitación en enfermería de alimentación / Quatro níveis de avaliação de um programa de treinamento de enfermeiras sobre alimentação regional

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the effectiveness of a regional nutrition training program for nurses based on four levels of assessment: response, learning, behavior, and conclusions. Methods: this was a longitudinal, almost experimental before and after type of study, carried out in 2014 with eight nurses and 62 mothers attended in the Primary Health Care Units of the rural area of Ceará, Brazil, in a training program using educational technology on regional food. Results: the evaluations showed a positive reaction from the nurses; a very good post-test average (92.3%); a change in nurses' behavior, verified by 30 educational activities after training; and satisfactory results, verified by improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice of the mothers about regional food and food safety after participating in the educational interventions carried out by the trained nurses. Conclusions: the training program was considered effective, showing positive results in the four levels of evaluation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: verificar la efectividad del programa de entrenamiento de enfermeras sobre alimentación regional con base en cuatro niveles de evaluación: reacción, aprendizaje, conducta y resultados. Métodos: estudio casi experimental, longitudinal, del tipo antes y después, realizado en 2014 con ocho enfermeras y 62 madres atendidas en las Unidades de Atención Primaria a la Salud de la zona rural de Ceará, Brasil, en un programa de entrenamiento con uso de tecnología educativa sobre alimentación regional. Resultados: las evaluaciones evidenciaron reacción positiva de las enfermeras; media de aciertos muy buena en el post-test de conocimiento (92,3%,); cambio de conducta de las enfermeras, constatada por la realización de 30 actividades educativas después del entrenamiento; y resultados satisfactorios, verificados por la mejora del conocimiento, actitud y práctica de las madres sobre alimentos regionales y seguridad alimentar después de la participación en las intervenciones educativas realizadas por las enfermeras entrenadas. Conclusiones: el programa de entrenamiento ha sido considerado efectivo, evidenciando resultados positivos en los cuatros niveles de evaluación.

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar a efetividade de programa de treinamento de enfermeiras sobre alimentação regional com base em quatro níveis de avaliação: reação, aprendizagem, comportamento e resultados. Métodos: estudo quase experimental, longitudinal, do tipo antes e depois, realizado em 2014 com oito enfermeiras e 62 mães atendidas nas Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde da zona rural do Ceará, Brasil, em um programa de treinamento com uso de tecnologia educativa sobre alimentação regional. Resultados: as avaliações evidenciaram reação positiva das enfermeiras; média de acertos muito boa no pós-teste de conhecimento (92,3%,); mudança de comportamento das enfermeiras, constatada pela realização de 30 atividades educativas após o treinamento; e resultados satisfatórios, verificados pela melhora do conhecimento, atitude e prática das mães sobre alimentos regionais e segurança alimentar após participação nas intervenções educativas realizadas pelas enfermeiras treinadas. Conclusões: o programa de treinamento foi considerado efetivo, evidenciando resultados positivos nos quatros níveis de avaliação.

Development and Evaluation of a Booklet on Nutrition Education for Falls Prevention among Older Adults (Pembentukan dan Penilaian Buku Kecil Panduan Pemakanan bagi Pencegahan Pencegahan Jatuh dalam Kalangan Warga Emas) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The incidence of falls among older adults can be caused by nutritional, health status, physical and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the contents in a booklet on nutrition and falls prevention among older adults as a nutritional education material for falls prevention. In Phase I, market survey in bookstore, website search and need assessment among 30 respondents using a questionnaire was conducted. Results from Phase I were used to form a 32-page A5 size booklet that includes information on nutrients related to bone health, recommendations of high protein and calcium menus, ideal exercise and tips to avoid falls in older adults. The content validity of the booklet was conducted among six health professionals to assess the suitability and understanding in Phase II. The content of the booklet (Phase III) was then evaluated among 24 respondents aged 60 years and above. From the need assessment in Phase I, majority of respondents chose 7 to 9 for the score of each questions which indicates the need for all information to be included in the booklet. For Phase II, criteria with highest average score were composition and typography with a score of 60%. For Phase III, most respondents chose “good” for all the criteria stated except for pictures (satisfactory), while 62.5% of respondents stated that they were satisfied with the information contents in the booklet. In conclusion, this booklet can be used as one of the strategies for nutrition education in the prevention of falls among older adults.

Relación entre el apego a la dieta y la educación nutricional en pacientes con diálisis del Hospital General de Atlacomulco y el Hospital General de San Felipe del Progreso, Estado de México / Relationship between the adherence to diet and nutritional education in patients with dialysis at the General Hospital of Atlacomulco and the General Hospital of San Felipe del Progreso, State of Mexico

Resumen Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre el apego a la dieta y la educación nutricional en los pacientes con tratamiento de diálisis. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en tratamiento de diálisis ≥6 meses, que han recibido educación nutricional previamente. Se evaluó el estado de nutrición mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS), toma de pliegues cutáneos (tricipital y subescapular), peso seco y estatura (de acuerdo con los parámetros establecidos por la International Society for Advances of Kinanthropometry); los conocimientos nutricionales y su adherencia mediante la Encuesta de Conocimientos y Adherencia al Régimen Terapéutico, y la calidad de vida mediante el instrumento KDQOL-SF™. Resultados: se incluyeron 85 pacientes, 46 (54%) hombres y 39 (46%) mujeres con una edad media de 42 ±17 años y un tiempo medio en diálisis de 3 ± 1.96 años. El 58% de los pacientes no presentó apego al régimen dietético. Sin embargo, el 89% de los pacientes se apegaron a la recomendación de la restricción de sodio, mientras que el 59% se adhirió al consumo de líquidos. De acuerdo con la VGS, el 58% de los pacientes presentaron desnutrición leve/moderada; no obstante, el 71% tuvieron grasa promedio según la sumatoria de pliegues y el 67% presentó un estado de nutrición normal determinado por el de Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Conclusiones: no se observó diferencia significativa en la adherencia al tratamiento dietético en aquellos pacientes que tienen conocimientos nutricionales respecto a los que no los tienen.

Abstract Objetive: to determine the association between adherence to the diet and nutritional education in patients with dialysis treatment. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on dialysis treatment ≥6 months, who have previously received nutritional education. The State of Nutrition was evaluated by means of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), skinfolds (tricipital and subescapular), dry weight and height (according to the parameters established by the International Society for Advances of Kinanthropometry); nutritional knowledge and adherence through the Knowledge and Adherence to The Therapeutic Regimen Survey; quality of life through the KDQOL-SF ™ instrument. Results: 85 patients were included, 46 (54%) men and 39 (46%) women with an average age of 42 ± 17 years and a mean time with dialysis treatment 3 ± 1.96 years. 58% of the patients did not have adherence to the diet. However, 89% of patients adhered to the sodium restriction recommendation, while 59% adhered to fluid intake. According to the VGS, 58% of the patients presented mild/moderate malnutrition, however, 71% had average fat according to the sum of the skinfolds and 67% presented a normal nutritional status determined by Body Mass Index (BMI). Conclusions: no significant difference in adherence to dietary treatment was observed in those patients who have nutritional knowledge compared to those who do not.

Impacto de la estrategia de entrega de frutas con educación nutricional sobre el estado nutricional y consumo frutas en escolares de la Escuela pública héroes luqueños de la comunidad de Jukyry Luque, Paraguay / Impact of fruit delivery with nutritional education on nutritional status and fruit consumption in school children of the héroes luqueños public school of the community of Jukyry Luque, Paraguay

En Paraguay, más del 50% de la población adulta presenta sobrepeso y obesidad, lo cual a su vez es un detonante para la génesis de otras afecciones como la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Hacer hincapié en la prevención es importante para disminuir la incidencia de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. Es importante desarrollar intervenciones que incidan en la formación de hábitos alimentarios saludables en niños y adolescentes de manera a que contribuyan a la prevención de enfermedades. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la entrega de frutas con educación nutricional sobre el estado nutricional y consumo de frutas, además de evaluar la aceptabilidad de la intervención en adolescentes del séptimo grado de la Escuela Héroes Luqueños. Estudio cuasi-experimental en el que se realizó la evaluación de una intervención educativa que consistió en talleres sobre la importancia de consumir frutas para alumnos, docentes y padres con posterior entrega de frutas. Se realizó la evaluación pre y post intervención del estado nutricional y del conocimiento sobre consumo de frutas. Se hallaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre antes y después de la intervención en el promedio de circunferencia de cintura de los adolescentes, no así los indicadores IMC y talla. La entrega de frutas tuvo gran aceptación entre los adolescentes que participaron del estudio, por lo que se recomienda seguir con este tipo de intervenciones(AU)

In Paraguay, more than 50% of the adult population is overweight and obese, which in turn it is a trigger for the genesis of other conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis on prevention is important to reduce the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is important to perform interventions that affects the formation of healthy eating habits in children and adolescents in order to contribute in the prevention of diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the delivery of fruits with nutritional education on the nutritional status and fruit consumption, in addition to evaluating the acceptability of the intervention in adolescents of the seventh grade of the Héroes Luqueños School. Quasi-experimental study in which the evaluation of an educational intervention was carried out, which consisted of workshops on the importance of consuming fruits for students, teachers and parents with subsequent fruit delivery. The pre and post intervention evaluation of nutritional status and knowledge about fruit consumption was carried out. Significant difference (p<0.05) between pre and post intervention in the average waist circumference of the adolescents were found, but not in the BMI and height indicators. Fruit delivery was widely accepted among the adolescents who participated in the study, therefore it is recommended to continue with this type of intervention(AU)

Analysis of the reaction and behavior of nurses after training on young child feeding / Evaluación de la reacción y comportamiento de las enfermeras después de la formación sobre alimentación infantil / Avaliação de reação e comportamento de enfermeiras após treinamento sobre alimentação infantil

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the reaction and behavior of nurses after training on the use of educational tool to promote heathy nutrition to children. Method: pilot assessment study, of descriptive and quantitative approach, carried out in 2014 with eight nurses from the rural area of Ceará, Brazil, by observing a training workshop on the use of the serial album "Alimentos regionais: promovendo a segurança alimentar na promoção da alimentação infantil saudável" [Regional food: promoting food safety through child healthy feeding]. Results: the analysis of the reaction of nurses to the workshop showed that all of them (100%) were satisfied with the training. In behavior analysis, more than a half of the nurses have achieved the expected performance when implementing the illustrations of the serial album, seven of them (87.5%) being considered able to use the serial album. Conclusion: the training was considered effective, as all the participant nurses were satisfied and most of them considered capable of using the educational tool in promoting child healthy feeding.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la reacción y el comportamiento de las enfermeras tras entrenamiento para la utilización de tecnología educativa en la promoción de la alimentación infantil sana. Método: estudio piloto evaluativo, descriptivo y de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en 2014 con ocho enfermeras en la zona rural de Ceará, Brasil, por medio de taller de entrenamiento y capacitación para utilización del rotafolio «Alimentos regionais promovendo a segurança alimentar¼ en la promoción de la alimentación infantil saludable. Resultados: la evaluación de reacción de las enfermeras al taller señala que todas (100%) quedaron satisfechas con el entrenamiento. En la evaluación de comportamiento, más de la mitad de las enfermeras obtuvieron desempeño dentro de lo esperado en la aplicación de las ilustraciones del rotafolio, siendo siete de ellas (87,5%) consideradas aptas para utilizarlo. Conclusión: el entrenamiento fue considerado eficaz, evidenciado por reacción satisfactoria de las enfermeras y de la capacitación de la mayoría de ellas para usar la tecnología educativa en la promoción de la alimentación infantil sana.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a reação e o comportamento das enfermeiras após treinamento para utilização de tecnologia educativa na promoção da alimentação infantil saudável. Método: estudo piloto avaliativo, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2014 com oito enfermeiras na zona rural do Ceará, Brasil, por meio de oficina de treinamento e capacitação para utilização do álbum seriado Alimentos regionais promovendo a segurança alimentar na promoção da alimentação infantil saudável. Resultados: a avaliação de reação das enfermeiras à oficina sinaliza que todas (100%) ficaram satisfeitas com o treinamento. Na avaliação de comportamento, mais da metade das enfermeiras obtiveram desempenho dentro do esperado na aplicação das ilustrações do álbum seriado, sendo sete delas (87,5%) consideradas aptas para utilizar o álbum seriado. Conclusão: o treinamento foi considerado eficaz, evidenciado por reação satisfatória das enfermeiras e capacitação da maioria delas para usar a tecnologia educativa na promoção da alimentação infantil saudável.

Impacto de uma alimentação rica em açúcar e das condições socioeconômicas na experiência da cárie em crianças e adultos jovens / Impact of a high-sugar diet and socioeconomic conditions on caries experience in children and young adults

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a prevalência de cárie dentária em relação a frequência de consumo de alimentos ricos em açúcar, condições socioeconômicas e escolaridade dos pais de crianças e adultos jovens. Material e Métodos: Aplicou-se questionários socioeconômicos com pais e/ou responsáveis de 36 crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária entre 7 e 20 anos de um clube do Município de Alegre - ES. A cárie dentária foi avaliada através do Índice de Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPO-D) e a placa bacteriana por meio do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IOHS). Posteriormente, realizaram-se palestras e atividades educativas de higiene bucal e de educação nutricional. Reavaliou-se então índice de placa bacteriana duas semanas após a intervenção. Para avaliação estatística usou-se regressão logística para testar associações e teste t pareado para índice de placa bacteriana. Resultados: Do total de crianças avaliadas, 67% apresentou história pregressa e atual de cárie, na qual a mediana do CPO-D encontrado foi de 2. Para a avaliação do índice de placa bacteriana, observou-se que a intervenção apresentou efetividade (p<0,05) uma vez que IHOS inicial foi de 1,98 e o final foi de 1,43. Conclusão: Foi encontrada alta prevalência de COP-D polarizado na amostra avaliada, e também detectado que as ações de educação em saúde foram efetivas na redução de placa bacteriana

Objective: to evaluate the association between the prevalence of dental caries, sugary food intake and socioeconomic conditions of children and young adults. Material and methods: socioeconomic questionnaires were applied to parents and/or guardians of 36 children and adolescents attending a soccer club in the city of Alegre ­ ES, Brazil, aged between 7 and 20 years. To assess food intake, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. Tooth decay was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) and plaque through the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Subsequently, lectures and oral hygiene and nutritional education activities were held. The plaque index was then reevaluated two weeks after the intervention. The presence of caries was expressed using relative frequency. In order to evaluate the factors associated with dental caries, a logistic regression model was used (p <0.05), and to evaluate the effect of the intervention, the paired t-test was used to compare the plaque index. Results: 67% out of the assessed children had past and current history of decay, with a median DMFT of 2. Among the variables assessed 'family income', 'parents' educational level' and 'consumption of high-sugar foods' no statistically significant association (p <0.05) with the presence of dental caries was observed. To evaluate the bacterial plaque index, it was observed that the intervention was effective (p <0.05) with an initial OHI-S of 1.98 and final of 1.43. Conclusion: a high prevalence of polarized DMFT was found in the sample. The health education actions were effective in reducing plaque. Almost all of the sample was found to have the habit of consuming sugary food four or more times a week. No significant associations were found between dental caries and the variables analyzed.

Nutrindo o saber: relato de experiência em práticas de educação alimentar e nutricional com pré-escolares / Nourishing the knowledge: Experience report on food and nutrition education practices with preschoolers

INTRODUÇÃO: Mediante os problemas alimentares e nutricionais de hoje, a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) se consolida como uma importante estratégia de promoção da saúde, principalmente na infância, por ser um momento em que o comportamento alimentar é construído. Suas ações baseiam-se em diferentes abordagens educacionais e pedagógicas que propiciam o diálogo e a reflexão sobre aspectos relacionados à alimentação e à nutrição ao longo da vida dos indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência vivenciada com a aplicação de atividades lúdico-pedagógicas em EAN para pré-escolares de uma instituição de ensino. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter qualitativo que descreve o desenvolvimento de um projeto de intervenção nutricional por meio de atividades de EAN, denominado Nutrindo o Saber, realizado em uma escola privada, localizada na área urbana do município de Visconde do Rio Branco, estado de Minas Gerais, durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2017. Foram realizados nove encontros na escola, com duração de 60 minutos cada um. Dentre os métodos de ensino utilizados, incluíram-se expositivos-dialógicos, oficinas culinárias, práticas de análise sensorial e teatro de fantoches, de modo que o processo educativo acontecesse de maneira dinâmica e bilateral. Em todas as atividades, utilizou-se como referencial teórico o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A amostra foi constituída por 56 pré-escolares e escolares de 2 a 7 anos. Ao final das atividades, por meio de um questionário, foi perguntado aos responsáveis se essas ações foram eficientes na mudança dos hábitos alimentares das crianças: 85,70% respondeu que sim. A EAN trabalhada de maneira lúdica, além de aproximar o conhecimento científico do universo infantil, também acelera o processo de aprendizagem proporcionando oportunidades de participação do público-alvo, desmitificando a teoria sobre o educando ser somente o receptor; e o educador, o detentor do conhecimento. Com o intuito de tornar as atividades prazerosas tanto para o educador quanto para o educando, procurou-se estabelecer um vínculo afetivo entre eles durante as ações de educação nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: Considera-se que as atividades propostas cumpriram seus objetivos de proporcionar conhecimento sobre alimentação saudável, sensibilizando o público para a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.

INTRODUCTION: In consequence of the current food and nutrition problems, the Food and Nutrition Education is consolidated as an important health promotion strategy, especially in childhood, as it is a period in which food behavior is built. Its actions are based on different educational and pedagogical approaches that foster dialogue and a reflection on aspects related to food and nutrition throughout the life of individuals. OBJECTIVE: To present a the lived experience with the application of recreational-pedagogical activities in Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) for preschoolers of an educational institution. METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative experience report that describes the development of a nutritional intervention project through Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) activities, called "Nourishing the Knowledge" ("Nutrindo o Saber"), carried out in a private school located in the urban area of the municipality of Visconde do Rio Branco, state of Minas Gerais, during the period from August to October 2017. Nine meetings were held at the school, each lasting 60 minutes. The used teaching methods included expository-dialogic classes, culinary workshops, sensory evaluation practices and puppet theater, so that the educational process happened in a dynamic and bilateral way. In all activities, the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population was used as theoretical reference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The sample consisted of 56 preschoolers and students from 2 to 7 years old. At the end of the activities, the parents or guardians were asked, through a questionnaire, if these activities were enough to change the eating habits of the children, 85,70% answered positively. The Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) when worked in a playful way, in addition to bringing the scientific knowledge closer to the childhood universe, also accelerates the learning process by providing participation opportunities for the target audience, demystifying a theory in which the learner is the receiver and the educator is the source of the knowledge. In order to make as pleasant activities both for the educator and for pupil, it was sought to establish an affectional bond between them during the nutritional education actions. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the proposed activities met their objectives of providing knowledge about healthy eating, sensitizing them in the adoption of healthy eating habits.